We used panel data covering a 10-year period from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) to examine the effects of trees on farms on people’s dietary quality in rural Malawi. We found that having on-farm trees leads to higher and more diverse fruit and vegetable consumption.
Coefficient plots summarizing the regression outputs for models run between trees on farm (binary and species count) and fruit and vegetable consumption (grams per adult male equivalent [AME] per day and diversity of consumption) over the study period (2010–2020) (†<0.1; *<0.05; **<0.01; ***<0.001). Abbreviations: TOF, Trees on Farm; Veg, vegetable.